heart pathology slideshare

Pericardial diseases and cardiac tumors are an additional small subset of conditions affecting the heart. Pathophysiology of Heart failure - SlideShare Ischemia induces profound metabolic and ionic perturbations in the affe … Rheumatic heart disease - SlideShare Pathophysiology and management of heart failure. Pathology of Ischemic Heart Disease. Pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of tachycardiomyopathy Claire A martin, Pier D Lambiase Education in Heart . Coronary Artery Disease Pathophysiology. Some medical conditions may increase your risk for a conduction disorder, including the following. Neelu Aryal Msc Nursing 2nd year RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE 2. Myocardial infarction (heart attack)—death of a section of heart muscle—results from obstruction of a coronary artery; the condition often accompanies coronary thrombosis. based—the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of asthma, and the natural history of asthma. 2. (AF), ischaemic heart disease (IHD) or . TMP −40 mV is the threshold potential for . When the heart stops, essential functions . 1. When atherosclerotic plaques are present, blood flow is impeded, but the process . The Pathophysiology of Allergy Chapter 2: Type I allergy: Mechanisms in the effector phase and Anaphylaxis Eva Untersmayr-Elsenhuber Department of Pathophysiologyand Allergy Research Lecture 514.094 The Pathophysiology of Allergy Chapter 2: Type I allergy: Mechanisms in effector phase and Anaphylaxis Eva Untersmayr-Elsenhuber Department of . 2/16/2010 1 Cardiac Diseases Pathology of the Heart All problems are eventually expressed as inadequate cardiac output. Autoimmune diseases, such as scleroderma, systemic lupus erythematosus, and rheumatoid arthritis; Cardiomyopathy; Complications of a heart surgery or procedure, including heart valve replacement, procedures to treat ischemic heart disease, surgery to correct a congenital heart defect at birth . Heart Disease. View 02 Cardiac pathology.ppt from MD 2 at University of South Florida. 2. The SlideShare family just got bigger. Slideshow search results for coronary heart disease. You now have unlimited* access to books, audiobooks, magazines, and more from Scribd. The adventitia (A) is thick and collagenous. Congestive heart failure is a syndrome that can be caused by a variety of abnormalities, including pressure and volume overload, loss of muscle, primary muscle disease or excessive peripheral demands such as high output failure. It presents a multifactorial, systemic disease, in . 1,2,3,4 Higher-than-optimal BP is the largest contributor to global mortality, and approximately 9.4 million deaths per year are attributed to uncontrolled hypertension. Cardiac Pathology. eFig 24-01. Dr. Kar am Hashim Al-Mallah. Around 550,000 people in the UK are recorded as having heart failure (HF), which equates to a prevalence of 0.8%The true number (including those with unrecorded/undiagnosed HF) is likely to be much higher and estimated to be 920,000 in the UKDepending on the definition applied, it is estimated that the prevalence of HF is around 1-2% of the adult population, increasing to over 10% in people . The dead tissue is called an infarct. . It also whisks away the waste products of metabolism. In particular, several clinical trials have documented the benefits of revascularization in patients with acute ischemic syndromes as well as the efficacy of medical therapy, including lifestyle modification in patients with stable coronary disease. Diseases of the heart fit into several general categories: congenital heart disease, ischemic heart disease, valvular diseases, and diseases of the myocardium (i.e., cardiomyopathies). It is thought that 40-60% of . 19 The Physicians' Health Study (PHS) showed that . ( a) Panel A. Blood pressure is the product of cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance hypertension. Slide 68, lung with bone marrow embolus. The ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was identified in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, and has spread rapidly around the world (1,2).As of May 18, 2020, World Health Organization official data reported 4,628,903 confirmed cases and 312,009 deaths ().On January 20, 2020, the Centers for Disease . - A free PowerPoint PPT presentation (displayed as a Flash slide show) on PowerShow.com - id: 728ceb-NWJiY The components of IHD are: B) Stable Angina: Pattern of chronic, predictable, transient chest discomfort during exertion or emotional rest and relieves with rest. 1 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Jan Barcal Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine Pilsen, Charles University The main function of the cardiovascular system is to ensure sufficient perfusion of all tissues and organs by the blood supplying oxygen and nutrients and removing metabolic products. and lead to heart failure and . Without quick treatment, a heart attack can lead to serious problems or death. Syphilis Pathology SlideShare Syphilis and gonorrhea - SlideShar . Exclusive 60 day trial to the world's largest digital library. Inflammation is a broad and ancient medical term initially referring to a set of classic signs and symptoms, including edema, erythema (redness), warmness, pain, and loss of function (stiffness and immobility). Pathology of Myocardial Infarcts. Pathophysiology and investigation of coronary artery disease. 1. It is not a singledisease entity, but rather a process that may potentially complicatemost forms of cardiac pathology, particularly in their final stages. Chapter 10. System. Hurst's Central Illustration: Pathophysiology of Hypertension. Within CAD lies an extreme form, Triple Vessel Disease that affects a smaller number of patients. 2. A review on behalf of the Acute Heart Failure Committee of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Eur J Heart Fail. This is called the funny current (also known as pacemaker current); it is active at TMPs of less than −55 mV. Signs and symptoms include fever, multiple painful joints, involuntary muscle movements, and occasionally a characteristic non-itchy rash known as erythema marginatum. aorta in which the aorta . Pre-eclampsia is a multisystem disorder that complicates 3%-8% of pregnancies in Western countries and constitutes a major source of morbidity and mortality worldwide. aorta in which the aorta . Rheumatic Heart Disease 1. Pathophysiology: Heart Failure - Columbia University The prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF), already the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia, is constantly rising, even after adjusting for age and presence of structural heart disease. Dr. Kar am Hashim Al-Mallah. Wait! Slide 36, pneumoconiosis of lung. Panel B. HEART FAILURE RVS CHAITANYA KOPPALA 2. Slide 3-5 Thrombosis, periprostatic veins. The disease typically develops two to four weeks after a streptococcal throat infection. oxygen and cell nutrients) at rest and during effort or to do so only if the cardiac filling pressures are abnormally high. From a newborn infant 4 days old. Heart Pathology MCQs 1.Each of the following result in left ventricular hypertrophy except: A. aortic stenosis B. systemic hypertension C. coarctation of the aorta D. mitral stenosis E. severe prolonged anemia 2.Systemic arterial hypertension leads to: A. left ventricular hypertrophy B. an increased incidence of infective endocarditis C. both Understanding the pathophysiology of ischemic heart disease can help prevent its development, recognize early symptoms and avoid complications. Download now. This steady flow carries with it oxygen, fuel, hormones, other compounds, and a host of essential cells. Official Ninja Nerd Website: https://ninjanerd.orgNinja Nerds!Join as we begin our two part lecture series on Congestive Heart Failure (CHF). The Heart Protection Study (HPS) showed unambiguous benefit of statin administration in individuals aged 40 to 80 years with total cholesterol >135 mg/dL and at risk because of a previous MI or other coronary or noncoronary artery occlusive disease, diabetes mellitus, or treated hypertension. Slide 3-2 Pulmonary embolism, lung. The intima is the indistinct layer lying upon the internal elastic membrane (I). This presentation helps you in understanding the different types of calcification. Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC) Available Formats. The SlideShare family just got bigger. pp511-618 • This topic is worth 7 MCQ questions, but covers two chapters. Slide 3-6 Thromboembolus in an atherosclerotic vessel, lung. It may be as simple as a straight tube, as in spiders and annelid worms, or as complex as the four-chambered double pump that is the center of the circulatory system in humans, other mammals, and birds. During this lec. Heart failure is an epidemic disease which affects about 1% Overweight individuals have an increased risk of death from IHD c. Stress and personality - linked to death from IHD • Thrombosis Thrombosis is the process of formation of a solid mass in the lumen of living blood . 3. Congenital Heart Disease Body & Disease 2011 . Learn more about the causes, risk factors, symptoms and complications of ischemic heart disease which often leads to heart failure and fatal heart attacks. . VALVULAR HEART DISEASE - SlideShare Heart failure is considered an epidemic disease in the modern world affecting approximately 1% to 2% of adult population. This chapter describes the evaluation and management of ischemic heart disease, which has evolved significantly over the past decade. Pathophysiology Resource Sheet Objective Test General Resources: https://tinyurl.com/y3bt7we8* https://quizlet.com/60280046/hosa-pathophysiology-notes-flash-cards/ Slide 70, lung with bronchiectasis. The coupon code you entered is expired or invalid, but the course is still available! ; At TMP −55 mV, T-type Ca 2+ channels open and continue slow depolarization. Clinical Anaphylaxis. This lesson will discuss the pathophysiology, diagnosis . CVS pathology diseases of heart and blood vessels (Arabic-speaking students) Your Instructor Dr.Abdelrahman Khalifa Lecturer of pathology and Pathology consultant 15+ years experience of medical education. Data on pathologic changes of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) are scarce. Slide 3-7 Hemorrhage and infarction, lung. Learn more about the heart in this article. HF is a clinical syndrome that can result from any structural or functional cardiac disorder that impairs the ability of the ventricle to fill with or eject blood at rest or during physical activity. Oxygen is delivered to the heart by larger surface vessels (epicardial vessels) and intramyocardial arteries and arterioles, which branch out into capillaries. 100% (6) 100% found this document useful (6 votes) 2K views 139 pages. Videos (2) Heart failure (HF) is a syndrome of ventricular dysfunction. Ischemic Heart Disease IHD 1 Ischemic Heart Disease • IHD is caused by myocardial ischemia due to - Imbalance between the Pathology of Cardiovascular. • This is a developmental anomaly of. 9. In the United States, heart disease remains the number one cause of death across most groups and accounts for one in every four deaths. Identify the 3 layers of the heart - endocardium, myocardium, epicardium 2. HEART FAILURE Defined as the pathophysiologic state in which impaired cardiac function is unable to maintain an adequate circulation for the metabolic needs of the tissues of the body. This prevents oxygen-rich blood from reaching that area of heart muscle, causing it to die. 3. Histology for Pathology Cardiac System Theresa Kristopaitis, MD Associate Professor Director of Mechanisms of Human Disease Kelli A. Hutchens, MD, FCAP Assistant Professor Assistant Director of Mechanisms of Human Disease Loyola Stritch School of Medicine Objectives 1. The syllabus states that these topics are covered; Blood vessels, Chapter 11: • Vascular response to injury • Arteriosclerosis • Hypertensive Persistent right aortic arch. AF increases the risk of stroke sixfold and is associated with a twofold increase in The clinical definition, classification, nomenclature, and treatment of anaphylaxis have been points of controversy, varying among different medical subspecialties and in different countries, and it became clear that an important goal for the field would be to achieve a true international consensus on these important points. More than 1 billion individuals worldwide, including at least 70 million Americans, have high blood pressure (BP) warranting some form of treatment. . Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is the most common form of heart disease, affecting about 6.7% of adults aged over 20. Heart will undergo coagulative necrosis first, then there is inflammation then there is cleanup by macrophages and scar formation. The concepts of cell aging are discussed in detail. Epidemiology. of your heart muscle is completely blocked. Slide 72, lung with healed pleuritis. 3, 4 Overall, 10%-15% of maternal deaths are directly associated with pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. Pathophysiology and clinical presentation. Heart - Pathology Heart Failure Cardiomegaly = increased size of heart Congestive Heart failure (CHF) Failure to pump blood = systolic dysfunction Compensatory hypertrophy & dilation Types = LVF, RVF Cardiac hypertrophy 2 times the size (Left Ventricle) 3 times 4 times Condition pulmonary HTN & IHD Systemic HTN, AS, MR, DCM AR or HOCM 9 Dr . The effects of an embolus depend on the extent to which it obstructs the pulmonary circulation, the duration over which that obstruction accumulates, and the pre-existing state of the patient, which has been defined only imprecisely. 2. Pathology of Hypertension - SlideShar. Slide 3-3 Infarct, spleen. Introduction. Organ dysfunction, injury and failure in acute heart failure: from pathophysiology to diagnosis and management. PATHOLOGY, February 13, 2014 at 3:58 AM EXCELLENT MOST EDUCATIONAL & INFORMATIVE MATERIAL ABOUT MEDICAL KNOWLEDGE, DR.OSMAN KHAN NISHTAR MEDICAL COLLEGE , MULTAN PAKISTAN Anonymous, July 13, 2014 at 12:01 AM In affluent societies, coronary artery disease causes severe disability and more death than any other disease, including cancer. Congenital heart disease, our topic for today, is a very diverse group of conditions. Sexually transmmited diseases 1. Coronary artery disease is usually caused by a build up cholesterol rich deposits or plaques on the lining inside the artery. • infectious and non-infectious - depending on etiology. The pathophysiology of hypertension involves the impairment of renal pressure natriuresis, the feedback system in which high blood pressure induces an increase in sodium and water excretion by the kidney that leads to a reduction of the blood pressure. Harjola V-P, Mullens W, Banaszewski M et al. Pathologic calcification is the abnormal deposition of calcium salts in tissues other than bone or enamel. It is a disease caused by other ailments that then affect the heart. Larger Infarcts: Higher frequency of arrhythmias Higher frequency of hemodynamic complications . In a healthy heart, there is little resistance to blood flow in the epicardial vessels. off original price! Cardiovascular Pathology (part 1) The heart and arterial system. Heart failure (HF) is the complex clinical syndrome that may resultfrom a broad spectrum of structural or functional cardiac and non-cardiacdiseases, often causing the classical triad ofsymptoms: breathlessness, fatigue, and fluid retention. DEVELOPMENT AL ANOMALIES. Specifically, congestion takes the form of water retention and swelling (), both . The SlideShare family just got bigger. The te rm co ng e stive he art failure (CHF) is used for the chronic form of heart failure in which the . • acute, subacute and chronic - depending upon the duration of inflammatory response. This is pat I of a series of 4 lectures that are intended to give us a sense of the basics - how to think about heart disease. Rheumatic heart disease is more prominent in children and young adults. Elastic fibers are distributed irregularly in media (M). Heart, organ that serves as a pump to circulate the blood. Slide 74, lung with acute passive congestion. • 5 million affected each year • 300,000 fatalities • Most due to systolic dysfunction • Some due to diastolic dysfunction, valve failure, or abnormal load • Heart can't pump blood fast enough to meet needs of body Heart Failure • System responds to failure by The Heart Protection Study (HPS) showed unambiguous benefit of statin administration in individuals aged 40 to 80 years with total cholesterol >135 mg/dL and at risk . The heart beats about 2.5 billion times over the average lifetime, pushing millions of gallons of blood to every part of the body. Left ventricular failure causes shortness of breath and fatigue, and right ventricular failure causes peripheral and abdominal fluid accumulation; the ventricles can be involved together or separately. Page 1 of 10,000 results for congestive heart failure Jack Frost Congestive heart failure 12 pages Rose088 Congestive heart failure (heart failure) - pipeline . 4 Subsequently, multinational . Myocarditis Inflammation of the heart muscle Classification • specific and non-specific (specific -when inflammation is granulomatous). The coupon code you entered is expired or invalid, but the course is still available! PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. PATHOLOGY OF THE HEART • All problems are eventually expressed as inadequate cardiac output. Heart failure (HF) is the complex clinical syndrome that may resultfrom a broad spectrum of structural or functional cardiac and non-cardiacdiseases, often causing the classical triad ofsymptoms: breathlessness, fatigue, and fluid retention. It is not a singledisease entity, but rather a process that may potentially complicatemost forms of cardiac pathology, particularly in their final stages. tural heart disease can be challenging as current imaging techniques, for example, MRI cannot easily identify diffuse fibrosis which may itself be primary DEVELOPMENT AL ANOMALIES. Pathophysiology of Heart failure 1. It may be acute o r chro nic. Elastic tissue stain ×170. Syphilis and gonorrhea - Its etiology, pathophysiology, signs and symptoms,diagnosis and prevention. A heart attack occurs when blood flow to an area . •End point of many heart diseases • Common! 2. It manifests as angina, silent ischaemia, unstable angina, myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, heart failure, and sudden death. Normal Heart 3. . [1] Currently, inflammation is recognized as a set of complex changing responses to tissue injury primarily caused by toxic chemicals, some environmental agents, trauma, overuse, or . Heart pathology. You now have unlimited* access to books, audiobooks, magazines, and more from Scribd. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a key enzyme in the production of prostaglandins, and an important anti-inflammation drug target. CVS pathology diseases of heart and blood vessels (Arabic-speaking students) Your Instructor Dr.Abdelrahman Khalifa Lecturer of pathology and Pathology consultant 15+ years experience of medical education. The term "congestive heart failure" is often used, as one of the common symptoms is congestion, or build-up of fluid in a person's tissues and veins in the lungs or other parts of the body. Exercise - reduces the incidence of death from ischaemic heart disease f 530.304 - General Pathology Lecture Notes b. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF HEART FAILURE Prof. J. Hanacek Technical co-operation: L. urinov PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF HEART FAILURE Prof. J. Hanacek Main causes and . 1. Myocardial infarction is defined as sudden ischemic death of myocardial tissue. The sequence of events for pacemaker action potential: Spontaneous flow of ions mainly through slow Na + channels slowly depolarizes TMP above −60 mV. by Dr Vijay Shankar S | Cell Injury and Adaptation, General Pathology. From the PATHOL 750 teaching collection: Slide 3-1 Atherosclerosis, coronary artery. Slide 64, lung with squamous metaplasia of bronchial mucosa. Diagnosis is initially clinical, supported by chest x-ray . In the usual form of heart failure, the heart muscle has reduced contra … Pathophysiology of Heart Failure - PubMed Definition of Asthma Asthma is a common chronic disorder of the airways that is complex and characterized by variable and recurring symptoms, airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and an underlying inflammation (box 2-1). Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common metabolic disorders worldwide and its development is primarily caused by a combination of two main factors: defective insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells and the inability of insulin-sensitive tissues to respond to insulin [].Insulin release and action have to precisely meet the metabolic demand; hence, the . System. Pathophysiology Hypertension is a chronic elevation of blood pressure that, in the long-term, causes end-organ damage and results in increased morbidity and mortality. To gain knowledge about the pathology that may contribute to disease progression and fatality, we performed . • Pathophysiology Heart Failure: Definitions • An inability of the heart to pump blood at a sufficient rate to meet the metabolic demands of the body (e.g. • This is a developmental anomaly of. In the clinical context, myocardial infarction is usually due to thrombotic occlusion of a coronary vessel caused by rupture of a vulnerable plaque. A) Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD): It is the imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand, resulting in myocardial hypoxia and accumulation of waste metabolites. infarction, death of tissue resulting from a failure of blood supply, commonly due to obstruction of a blood vessel by a blood clot or narrowing of the blood-vessel channel. These plaques are also called . Activate your free 60 day trial Pathology of Cardiovascular. HEART DISEASES ARRHYTHMIA. Slide 58, lung with abscess. Save Save Pathology, Lecture 2, Cell Injury (slides) For Later. Patient Prognosis is Inversely Related to Infarct Size. Recent focus has been placed on the role of COX-2 in heart function and pathology, due to the finding that specific COX-2 inhibitors significantly increased the risk of heart disease in chronic users. Over time, CHD can weaken the heart muscle . INTRODUCTION Rheumatic fever is a diffuse inflammatory disease characterized by a delayed response to an infection by group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (GAS) in the tonsilopharyngeal area, affecting the heart, joints, central nervous system, skin and subcutaneous tissues. Persistent right aortic arch. Because Duke has a very good pediatric c\ 4 Some epidemiological findings support the hypothesis of a genetic and immunological etiology. Flag for inappropriate content. Heart failure (HF) is a debilitating condition that is characterised by shortness of breath, fatigue and exercise intolerance. Slide 3-4 Coagulative necrosis, liver. 2,3,4 As life expectancy continues to increase, hypertension will become an . 2 STDs: Group of communicable diseases transmitted by sexual contact. Leaks in the systemLeaks in the system Electrical Conduction, irregular rhythm Obstruction to flow Valve problems, obstruction or incompetence Cardiac muscle weakness and failure Congenital Heart Disease Clinical symptoms come from mixing blood. The Cardiovascular System: Blood vessels and the Heart • Robbins Pathology 7 th ed. Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd. Heart failure is a pathophysiological state in which cardiac output is insufficient to meet the needs of the body and lungs. The Pathophysiology of Chronic Ischemic Heart Disease Carl J. Pepine, M.D., MACC, Wilmer W. Nichols, PH.D. Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610-0277, USA Summary With our success in management of acute coronary syndromes (ACS), aging population and epidemics of diabetes and obesity, the management of patients with off original price! • Leaks in the system • Electrical Conduction, irregular rhythm • Obstruction to flow • Valve problems, obstruction or incompetence • Cardiac muscle weakness and failure. Rheumatic fever (RF) is an inflammatory disease that can involve the heart, joints, skin, and brain. Ischemic heart disease • Also known as Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) • Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is a condition in which there is an inadequate supply of blood and oxygen to a portion of the myocardium • Imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand. Efig 24-01 symptoms include fever, multiple painful joints, involuntary muscle movements, and a host of essential.... 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